• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
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  • 同族专利
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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a stator (1) of rotating electrical machine comprising a body (2) provided with notches (15), a winding (3) consisting of windings (4, 5, 6, 7, 8) which comprise first conductive segments (19) provided with two first branches and second conductive segments (25) provided with two second branches. Each conductive segment is coated with an insulator except for the presence of a bare surface on each of the branches. The shapes of the bare surfaces are complementary. The first and second conductive segments are arranged in staggered rows and in opposite directions successively one after the other, each notch receiving first branches and second branches arranged vis-a-vis with their stripped surfaces respectively in contact with each other. the others in order to constitute a continuous thread. The stator comprises means for holding the stripped surfaces in contact with each other in the notches.
    公开号:FR3020521A1
    申请号:FR1453874
    申请日:2014-04-29
    公开日:2015-10-30
    发明作者:Nicolas Langlard
    申请人:Nicolas Langlard；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates to a rotating electric machine stator, which can operate as a motor or as a generator. A particular application concerns alternators in the automotive field. Other applications, however, are possible, for example generators in the field of wind power. The main objectives of the invention are to optimize the efficiency of the machine and its manufacturing cost. As is known, a stator comprises a body, also called a core, which is composed of a bundle of steel sheets and which has notches. The notches are for example of longitudinal shape parallel to the axis of the body, said axis coinciding with the axis of rotation of the rotor of the rotating electrical machine. These notches extend radially circumferentially around the body and are separated from each other by teeth. The teeth may each comprise at their radial end, a tooth-root which extends circumferentially on each side of said tooth so as to close partially and respectively the two notches adjacent to this tooth.
    [0002] The stator further comprises a polyphase winding consisting of several windings of turns arranged in layers in the notches; at least one winding per phase on each layer, said phases being connected together. For example, the stator may comprise three phases connected in a triangle or a star, each phase comprising two windings connected in series or in parallel. Each winding comprises branches each mounted in a notch, these branches being connected to each other, outside a first longitudinal side of the stator body, by connecting heads, so as to form a first bun and, at outside a second longitudinal side of said body, by connecting feet, so as to form a second bun. These first and second buns allow cooling of the winding. A notch insulator, for example made of a resin or a sheet of paper, covers the notches so as to physically separate them from the branches of the windings of the winding. Different stator designs of rotating electrical machines are known to those skilled in the art.
    [0003] According to a first design of winding windings, these are made from continuous electrical conductors son, for example copper, which are coated with an insulator such as enamel. Such a design is described, for example, in the patent applications published under the numbers FR 2 918 815 A1, FR 2 939 251 A1 and FR 2 779 883 A1, in which the filaments of continuous filaments are made in an undulating manner. The shape of the cross section of the wire may be round or rectangular, for example. This first design of the windings of the winding has various disadvantages, according to the different possible implementations of the stator body. Indeed, when the body of the stator consists of a single piece, as illustrated in documents FR 2 918 815 A1 and FR 2 939 251 A1, the continuity of the son requires to engage radially windings in the notches; the son are stressed during their installation, which may damage the insulation coating and may therefore cause a short circuit between the son of the winding. In addition, it is necessary to limit the size of the tooth legs, or even to remove them, to allow the introduction of son into the notches, which reduces the electromagnetic exchange between the stator and the rotor of the machine. The stresses are important when introducing the copper wires into the notches in the presence of toothed feet, which requires preserving a sufficient thickness of the notch insulation to avoid a possible short circuit between the body and winding; this thickness of notch insulation reduces the filling rate of the notches.
    [0004] Moreover, it is necessary to use spacers holding the son to block the passages between the toes-teeth and avoid the release of these son out of the notches. These holding wedges also reduce the filling rate of the notches. Consequently, this filling rate of the notches can not exceed a percentage of the order of 60%, which limits the efficiency of the machine.
    [0005] According to an alternative embodiment of the stator body, it consists of portions each constituting a tooth, said portions being assembled together circumferentially to form said body with its notches. The son of the windings are previously positioned in the areas corresponding to the notches, before the joining of the portions. Such a design appears for example in document FR 2 779 883 A1.
    [0006] This design makes it possible to position the wires in the slots without constraint, which avoids damaging them and thus generating short circuits. This design also allows for a better filling rate of the notches, of the order of 70%, and to maintain optimal width of the teeth, which improves the yield. This type of stator is however complex to implement because the assembly of the body must be made in situ. This design also requires the addition of strapping pieces to keep the portions together, which also complicates the manufacturing process of the stator. In addition, for this type of winding consisting of a continuous wire, the inputs of the phases can not be placed where desired. It is possible to discard these phase inputs for some winding designs, but in a well-defined way. For other winding designs, the constraint is greater since it is necessary to put all the phase inputs together in a compacted manner. This has a disadvantage for the connection of the phase inputs with the diode bridge for rectifying the output current of the alternator. According to a second design of windings winding, it is implemented from U-shaped conductive segments, also called pins, having two branches connected together by a connecting head. These conductive segments are for example copper and coated with an insulator, for example enamel, except at the ends of the branches. The branches of the conductors are all introduced in a longitudinal direction inside the notches so as to form the turns of each phase, in several layers. The connecting heads of the conductive segments then form a first bun of a first side of the stator body. The stripped ends of the branches are deformed after passing through the notches, which allows them to connect together to form the windings of the phases. The distorted end portions of the connected legs form connecting legs and a second bun on the second side of the stator body. The connections between the stripped ends are made by welding or by means of connection sleeves. The design of this type of winding is described, for example, in the patent applications published under the numbers FR 2 871 307 A1, FR 2 857 519 A1, FR 2 844 646 A1, FR 2 830 694 A1 and FR 2 819 117 A1. The introduction of the branches of the conductive segments in the longitudinal direction of the notches has the advantage of preserving the presence of the tines, allowing a better electromagnetic exchange between the stator and the rotor. This direction of introduction of the branches in the notches also facilitates the use of a rectangular section for the conductive segments, which allows a better filling rate of the notches, of the order of 70%. The manufacture of this type of stator is however complex, since it is necessary to deform the branches of the conductors in situ after their passage through the notches, in order to connect them. The realization of the welds, in situ, also requires extreme precision not to short-circuit the windings of the winding. These welds also generate a lot of material waste. In a variant, certain fabrications provide preformed conductive segments which are introduced radially into the notches before welding the ends of the bare branches which are connected together in the first bun and in the second bun. This variant has the disadvantage of eliminating or limiting the feet of teeth to allow said introduction and to double the number of welds. According to a third winding windings design, described in the patent application FR 2,816,459 A1, these windings are made by means of U-shaped conductive segments which are initially stripped. First conductive segments are arranged in one direction and second conductive segments, of identical design to the first, are arranged in opposite directions. These first and second conductive segments are arranged in staggered rows, which makes it possible to connect together their respective adjoining branches. These adjoining branches are then welded together, which allows forming conductive segments units, which are then coated with an enamel type insulation. Conductive segment units are then connected together to form a phase winding. This design is intended to interpose the conductive segment units to improve the assembly performance. Nevertheless, the disadvantages mentioned above for the first design of winding windings, remain according to this third design. Indeed, it is appropriate to insert these conductive segment units in the radial direction of the notches, which requires to reduce or even remove the teeth of the notches. Similarly, it is appropriate to use holding wedges windings inside the notches. The present invention overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks of the various winding winding designs, and aims to optimize the efficiency of the machine, the stator manufacturing process and its manufacturing cost.
    [0007] To this end, the invention relates to a rotating electric machine stator comprising a body consisting of a steel plate package. This body is provided with notches which are arranged longitudinally and which extend radially and circumferentially on said body. These notches are coated with a notch insulation. The stator also comprises a polyphase winding consisting of several windings of turns arranged in layers in the notches. The number of phases and the number of windings for each phase are variable according to the desired design. Similarly, the connection between the windings of each phase and the connection between the phases are variable according to the desired design. By way of example, the winding may comprise three phases connected in a star, each phase consisting of two windings arranged on six layers in the notches, said two windings being connectable to one another in series or in parallel. According to another example, the winding may comprise a first set of three phases connected to each other in a star and a second set of three phases connected to each other in a star, the two sets of three star phases being out of phase with each other.
    [0008] Other examples are conceivable without departing from the scope of the invention. In a remarkable manner, according to the invention, each winding of the winding comprises, on the one hand, first U-shaped conductive segments each provided with a first connecting head extended at its ends by two first branches. Each first conductive segment is coated with an insulator except for the presence of a first stripped surface on each of the first branches. On the other hand, each winding of the winding also comprises second U-shaped conductive segments each provided with a second connecting head extended at its ends by two second branches. Each second conductive segment is also coated with an insulator except for the presence of a second stripped surface on each of the second branches. In addition, the shape of the first stripped surface and the shape of the second stripped surface are complementary. The first conductive segments and the second conductive segments are arranged in staggered rows and in opposite directions successively one after the other. Each notch receives, for each turn and each layer of a winding disposed in this notch, respectively a first branch and a second branch disposed vis-a-vis with their first stripped surface and their second stripped surface in contact with one against the other in order to constitute a continuous conducting wire. Furthermore, said stator comprises holding means configured to maintain the first and second stripped surfaces in contact with each other in the notches. Thus, the design of the stator according to the invention allows a positioning of the first and second conductive segments in the notches by introducing them in the longitudinal direction of said notches. The introduction of the conductive segments in the longitudinal direction makes it possible to retain tooth-teeth of optimal dimensions favoring the electromagnetic exchange between the stator and the rotor. Furthermore, the first and second segments come into contact and constitute a continuous wire, simply by putting them in position in the notches, which prevents any deformation of said conductive segments after their introduction. The holding means further suppress any welding between the conductive segments to ensure the continuity of the winding. According to the stator of rotating electrical machine object of the invention, the first branches and the second branches each comprise a section in cross section of rectangular shape. The corners of the rectangle are preferably slightly rounded to ensure a homogeneous deposition of the insulation on the entire contour of the conductive segments. The introduction of the first and second branches in the longitudinal direction, inside the notches, eliminates the presence of the feet of teeth and promotes the implementation of a rectangular section inside the notches, which allows to optimize the dimensions of the feet of teeth and the filling rate of the notches. This helps to improve the electromagnetic exchange between the rotor and the stator and the efficiency of the rotating electrical machine. According to a preferred embodiment of the rotating electric machine stator object of the invention, the first and second stripped surfaces are arranged vis-a-vis and in contact in the radial direction with respect to each other, to inside the notch. These stripped surfaces extend over a length corresponding to the length of the notch. However, it would be possible in a design variant to have these first and second stripped surfaces facing each other and in contact in the circumferential direction with respect to each other. In a first embodiment, according to this aforementioned preferred embodiment of the rotary electric machine stator, the first and second branches have a parallelepipedal shape, of rectangular section, provided with a bevel. These bevels are arranged vis-à-vis on the first and second branches. In addition, the first and second stripped surfaces are disposed on the bevelled faces vis-à-vis. According to this first embodiment, the section of the windings in the buns is identical to the section of the windings in the notches. Preferably, according to this first embodiment, the bevels comprise an angle of maximum value equal to 5 degrees. This allows self-locking between the first and second stripped surfaces when pressure is exerted on the first and second legs to keep said stripped surfaces in contact.
    [0009] In a second embodiment, according to this aforementioned preferred embodiment of the rotating electric machine stator, the first and second branches have a parallelepipedal shape, of rectangular section, provided with a chamfer. These chamfers are arranged vis-à-vis on the first and second branches. In addition, the first and second stripped surfaces are arranged on the chamfered faces vis-à-vis. This makes it possible to reduce the section of the winding in the two bunches consisting respectively of the first connecting heads of the first conductive segments and the second connecting heads of the second conductive segments, with respect to the section of the winding in the notches. Thus, this second embodiment reduces the amount of material used for the manufacture of windings winding. This helps to reduce the consumption of raw material, especially copper, during the manufacture of the stator. In addition, reducing the amount of material windings in buns promotes better cooling of the winding by ventilation. Preferably, according to this second embodiment, the chamfers comprise an angle of maximum value equal to 5 degrees. This allows self-locking between the first and second stripped surfaces when pressure is exerted on the first and second legs to keep said stripped surfaces in contact. In a third embodiment, according to this aforementioned preferred embodiment of the rotating electric machine stator, the first and second branches have a parallelepipedal shape, of rectangular section. The first and second stripped surfaces are further disposed on the longitudinal faces vis-à-vis the first and second branches. This third embodiment makes it possible to halve the section of the windings in the buns with respect to the section of the windings in the notches, and thus provides the same advantages as the second embodiment. According to these various embodiments mentioned above, it is possible to arrange anchoring means between the first and second stripped surfaces. These anchoring means are configured to block the relative movements between the first and second adjoining branches in the longitudinal direction of the notch, which keeps said surfaces in contact with each other. According to these various embodiments, the holding means consist of pressure wedges disposed respectively in each notch and configured to exert a force in the radial direction against the first and second branches disposed in each of said notches. However, there could be variants of the design of holding means. For example, these holding means could be configured to block any translation of the first and second branches in the longitudinal direction of the notches, so as to maintain the first and second stripped surfaces in contact respectively against each other in the notches. It can also provide a tight assembly of the first and second branches in contact with each other, inside the notches. According to a preferred design of the stator of rotating electrical machine object of the invention, the first and second conductive segments each have a sway between their first branches, respectively between their second branches. This trimming promotes the establishment of the first and second branches that succeed one another in the same layer in the notches, circumferentially on the stator body. According to the stator of rotating electrical machine object of the invention, each winding of the winding comprises a phase input conductive segment which comprises an input branch coated with an insulator except the presence of a stripped entrance surface. This input branch is engaged in a notch, the stripped input surface coming into contact with the second stripped surface vis-à-vis a second conductor phase beginning segment. In addition, the holding means is configured to keep the input surface stripped and the second stripped surface in contact with each other. This design also facilitates the implementation of the windings winding and also offers a great freedom of positioning of the inputs of the phases to which is connected the current diode bridge rectifier. Each input lead segment further includes a lead leg that extends the input leg outwardly from the bun, which lead leg is configured to be connected to said current bias diode bridge. According to the stator of rotating electrical machine object of the invention, it comprises at least one connecting conductor segment which comprises connecting branches. This connecting conductor segment is coated with an insulator, except for the connecting branches, each of which comprises a stripped connection surface, the stripped connection surfaces coming into contact with the second stripped surfaces of second end-phase conductor segments, or even possibly beginning of the phases according to the type of connection provided, for example in star or delta in the case of a three-phase winding. In addition, the holding means are configured to maintain said stripped connection surfaces and said second stripped surfaces in contact with one another. This connecting conductor segment makes it possible to make a connection between the phases of the winding. Preferably, the first connecting heads of the first conductive segments and the second connecting heads of the second conductive segments each have a V-shape. Preferably, this V-shaped shape has an angle at the top which is slightly truncated. The invention also relates to the method of manufacturing a stator of rotating electrical machine having the aforementioned characteristics. This method consists at least of: - inserting the first branches of the first conductive segments in a first longitudinal direction of the body, inside the notches; inserting the second branches of the second conductive segments in a second longitudinal direction of the body, inside the notches; positioning the first stripped surfaces in contact with the respective second stripped surfaces arranged opposite each other inside the notches; - Set up the holding means for maintaining said first and second stripped surfaces in contact with each other, within the notches. The insertion of the first branches and the insertion of the second branches into the notches can be performed concomitantly or in two distinct steps. In addition, the first branches are preferably all inserted at the same time in the notch. It is the same for the second branches. Thus, the manufacturing method avoids any stress on the first and second conductive segments when they are placed in the notches, thereby minimizing the thickness of the notch insulation. This optimizes the filling rate of the notches. The duration for constituting the winding is further greatly reduced since the first conductive segments and the second conductive segments can be prepared upstream of the assembly step in the notches of the stator body. Furthermore, the establishment of the first and second conductive segments vis-à-vis and over the entire periphery of the stator can be carried out in a single step and without any stress and welding operation between the first and second conductive segments. This makes it possible to optimize the manufacturing time of the winding and avoids the production of costly welds and producing waste. In addition, the insertion of the first and second branches in the longitudinal direction of the notches allows to maintain a tooth-tooth of optimal width, which promotes the electromagnetic exchange between the stator and the rotor of the rotating electrical machine. According to the manufacturing method of the rotating electrical machine stator, the first and second conductive segments are each previously made by: constituting a pin in a sheet or plate of conductive material, preferably by stamping or by laser or jet cutting water; donning the pin of an insulator; stripping the branches of the pin in the areas corresponding to the stripped surfaces, for example by machining or grinding, so as to remove the insulation on said surfaces; - Folding the hairpin to give it a U-shape with its two branches. Prior to the step of coating the pin with an insulator, it may undergo a step of forming a bevel or a chamfer when it comes to conductive segments according to the first embodiment or the second embodiment , as mentioned above. In some cases, it can also provide a sheet of material which is laminated to form in its two side portions chamfers or bevels, said sheet being then stamped to form pins. Preferably, during the step of folding the pin, a jogging is performed between the branches of the conductive segment.
    [0010] The invention also relates to a rotating electrical machine of the motor or generator type which comprises such a stator object of the invention. The characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become apparent on reading non-limiting embodiments which are based on figures, among which: FIG. 1 illustrates a three-dimensional view of a stator of a rotating electrical machine which comprises a winding with five phases connected in a star; Figure 2 illustrates an exploded view of Figure 1; FIG. 3 illustrates a three-dimensional sectional view of the stator body and shows the insertion of first and second conductive segments of a phase portion into notches; FIG. 4 illustrates a phase portion consisting of first and second conductive segments in contact; FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate five first successive conducting segments and highlight the circumferential alignment on the same layer, of the first branches; FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate a winding phase consisting of a winding on six layers and the path of this phase on six layers, such that this phase normally appears when the first and second conductive segments are positioned and connected together in the notches. the stator body; - Figures 7, 8 and 9 illustrate in section three alternative embodiments of the stripped surfaces on the first and second branches of the first and second conductive segments; FIG. 10 illustrates a connection segment of five star phases enabling implementation of the stator of FIG. 1; - Figures 11 to 14 illustrate possible connection variants for a three-phase winding and a five-phase winding; FIGS. 15A to 15C illustrate three variants of the stamping step during the implementation of the pin, and FIGS. 16 to 18 illustrate various stages of implementation of the first or second conductive segments from FIG. 'pin ; FIG. 19 illustrates anchoring means between the first branches and the second branches of the first and second conductive segments; FIG. 20 illustrates a variant of a stator with a connection of five phases in the pentagon and FIG. 21 illustrates one of the connection segments allowing the implementation of said stator of FIG. 20; - Figures 22 and 23 illustrate two partial cross-sectional views of a stator body according to the invention, showing two different cross sections of the notches and branches of the conductive segments. In the following description, the same references will be used to define the same elements on a part and / or on various embodiments of the stator object of the invention. In Figure 1 is illustrated a stator 1 of rotating electrical machine (not shown) which may consist of a motor or a generator. In one application, the stator 1 is intended for the implementation of an alternator or an alternator-starter of a motor vehicle.
    [0011] This stator 1 comprises a body 2 and a coil 3. In this FIG. 1, the coil 3 comprises five phases 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 each consisting of a single winding on six layers 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 illustrated in greater detail in Figures 6A and 6B. Of course, the number of phases can be changed; one can for example provide a three-phase winding, each phase consisting of a single winding. It is also possible to modify the number of windings per phase; one can for example provide two windings per phase. The number of layers of each winding can also be changed. FIGS. 2 and 3 show that the body 2 comprises notches 15 which are arranged in the longitudinal direction parallel to the axis X of the stator 1. This axis X corresponds to the axis of rotation of the rotor (not shown) of the rotating electric machine. In addition, the notches 15 extend radially and circumferentially, with a spacing between them, around the body 2. These notches 15 are separated from each other by teeth 16, each tooth 16 comprising at its end a foot tooth-tooth 17 which extends circumferentially on either side of the tooth 16. Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 3, two teeth-feet 17a, 17b of two adjacent teeth 16a, 16b make it possible to close almost all a notch 15a, only a small longitudinal slot 18 now open this notch 15a. It is the same for all the notches 15. With reference to FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, in particular, it will be noted that the coil 3 comprises a first part 3a and a second part 3b respectively disposed on the two longitudinal sides of the body 2. first part 3a of the coil 3 comprises first conductive segments 19, each first conductive segment 19 comprising two first branches 20, 21 interconnected by a first connecting head 22. These first conductive segments 19 are preferably made of copper and are coated with an insulator 19a, preferably enamel, with the exception of the first two branches 20, 21 which each comprise a first stripped surface 23, 24, as illustrated in FIGS. 3, 4, 7 to 9, 19, 22 and 23. Similarly, the second part 3b of the coil 3 comprises second conductive segments 25, each second conductive segment 25 comprising two second branches 26, 27 interconnected by a second connecting head 28. These second conductive segments 25 are also made of copper and coated with an insulator 25a, with the exception of the two second branches which each comprise a second stripped surface 29, 30, as illustrated in FIGS. 3, 4, 7 to 9, 19, 22 and 23. The first conductive segments 19 and the second conductive segments 25 are arranged vis-à-vis and staggered on each side of the body 2. As shown in Figure 3 in drawn-line and in FIG. 4, during the insertion of the first branches 20, 21 and second branches 26, 27 inside the notches 15, the first stripped surface 23 of a first branch 20 of a first conductive segment 31 comes in contact with the second stripped surface 30 of a second branch 27 of a second conductive segment 32. Similarly, the first stripped surface 24 of the other first branch 21 of this first conductive segment 31 comes into contact with the second surface naked 29 of the second branch 26 of the conductive segment 33 following the previous second conductive segment 32. The same operation is performed between all the first and second conductive segments 19, 25, for each turn of each of the windings 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. This operation remains the even regardless of the number of winding phases; the representation of Figure 3 corresponds to a six-phase winding while that of Figure 2 corresponds to a five-phase winding, by way of example. It will be noted in FIG. 6B that, for each winding 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 schematized by a continuous line, the turns arranged on six layers 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 are wound in opposite directions. following the others around the body 2 of the stator 1. Advantageously, all the first branches 20, 21 and all the second branches 26, 27 are inserted concomitantly inside the notches 15, which allows a time saving during assembly. However, it is possible to provide two distinct steps for inserting into the body 2, first the first conductive segments 19 and then the second conductive segments 25. When the coil 3 is formed, the first connection heads 22 of the first conductive segments 19 form a first bun 34 on one side of the body 2 and the second connecting heads 28 of the second conductive segments 25 form a second bun 35 on the other side of the body 2, as illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2 and 20.
    [0012] As illustrated in Figures 1 to 3 and 20, when the first and second conductive segments 19, 25 are inserted into the body 2, the tines 17 prevent the release of the first branches 20, 21 and second branches 26, 27 outside the notches 15, in the radial direction.
    [0013] FIGS. 7 to 9 illustrate different embodiments of the first stripped surfaces 23, 24 and second stripped surfaces 29, 30 respectively on the first branches 20, 21 and on the second branches 26, 27. In FIG. 7, the first stripped surfaces 23, 24 and the second stripped surfaces 29, 30 are complementary and bevelled. This beveled shape also appears in FIGS. 2 to 4. As illustrated in FIG. 7, the bevelled face is inclined at an angle α1. This angle α1 is preferably less than 5 degrees, which allows self-locking between the first stripped surfaces 23, 24 and the second stripped surfaces 29, 30 in contact when pressure is exerted radially on the first branches. 19 and second branches 25. In this Figure 7, the winding comprises eight layers 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f, 36g, 36h arranged in the notch 15. In addition, there is the presence of an insulator notch 37a, 37b disposed on each side of the layers 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f, 36g, 36h within the notch 15. The layers 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f , 36g, 36h are mounted tightly in the notch 15 so as to exert pressure against these layers. The combination of the pressure exerted and the angle α less than 5 degrees makes it possible to maintain the first conductive segments 19 in contact with the second conductive segments 25. Of course, an angle α greater than 5 degrees could be provided and means of different holding configured to block the translation of the first conductive segments 19 and second conductive segments in the direction of the X axis. By way of example, it can be seen in FIG. 19 that the bevelled faces comprise a tongue-like shape 39 which allows an anchorage between the first branch 20, 21 and the second branch 26, 27 in the longitudinal direction of the notch 15.
    [0014] It can be seen in FIG. 19 that a notch isolator 37a is disposed in the bottom 15b of the notch 15, while two pressure wedges 38a, 38b, of beveled shape, are arranged on the side of the toothed toes. 17 and make it possible to exert a pressure against the layers 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f, 36g, 36h inside the notch 15. It would be possible to invert the position of the pressure wedges 38a, 38b and the position of the notch insulation 37a in this notch 15.
    [0015] Preferably, the length of the first and second stripped surfaces 23, 24, 29, 30 beveled is at least equal to the length of the notch 15, as illustrated in FIG. 7. It can be seen in FIG. winding of the two buns 34, 35 are identical to the winding section in the notch 15.
    [0016] In FIG. 8, characteristics identical to those of FIG. 7 are found, except that the tapered shape of the first stripped surfaces 23, 24 and second stripped surfaces 29, 30 is replaced by a chamfer inclined at an angle α 2. This angle α 2 is preferably less than 5 degrees to allow self-locking between the first branches 20, 21 and the second branches 26, 27 under the action of the pressure exerted by their tight fitting inside the notches 15. One could also provide an angle oc2 greater than 5 degrees and a barb 39, as for the bevelled faces of Figure 19. One could also consider other holding means in contact. The various variants of pressure means on the layers 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f, 36g, 36h inside the notch 15, in particular the pressure wedges 38a, 38b illustrated in FIG. implemented for this embodiment of Figure 8. Furthermore, the stripped surfaces 23, 24, 29, 30 extend over a length that corresponds at least to the length of the notch 15, as illustrated on FIG. 8. It can be seen in FIG. 8 that the winding sections of the two buns 34, 35 are smaller than the winding section in the notch 15 due to the presence of the chamfers which extend at least over the length of the notch 15. In FIG. 9, one finds characteristics identical to those of FIGS. 7 and 8, except that the beveled form or the chamfered form is suppressed. The first branches 20, 21 and the second branches 26, 27 have the shape of a parallelepiped, that is to say that the section, seen in a transverse sectional plane, is constant over the entire length of said branches. In addition, the first stripped surfaces 23, 24 and the second stripped surfaces 29, 30 are directly implemented on the adjoining faces vis-à-vis the first branches 20, 21 and second branches 26, 27. Which corresponds to the embodiment of Figure 8, with a zero oc2 angle.
    [0017] It can be seen in FIG. 9 the presence of a notch insulation 37a in the bottom 15b of the notch 15 and of a set of pressure wedges 38a, 38b on the side of the toothed feet 17, as for the FIG. 19. It would also be possible to implement other variants of pressure means as described above. One could also provide a pin 39, as in Figure 19. As for Figures 7 and 8, we see in Figure 9 that the first and second stripped surfaces extend at least along the length of the notch 15. On shows in Figure 9 that the winding sections of the two buns 34, 35 are equal to half of the winding section in the notch 15. This facilitates the cooling of the buns 34, 35 and further reduces the amount of material of the winding 3 in these buns 34, 35. It is the same for Figure 8. Of course, one could consider other complementary forms of bare first surfaces and second stripped surfaces. It will simply be necessary to provide means for keeping said stripped surfaces in contact, adapted to prevent the translation of the first conductive segments 19 and second conductive segments 25 in the longitudinal direction of the notches 15. As illustrated in FIG. 22, the first branches 20, 21 and the second branches 26, 27 have a rectangular shape in a transverse sectional plane. It is the same for the notches 15. In a variant illustrated in Figure 23, the first branches 20, 21 and the second legs 26, 27 have a trapezoidal shape in a transverse sectional plane. It is the same for the notches 15. This is possible for the three embodiments illustrated in Figures 7 to 9 and described above, or for any other embodiment. Note in these figures 22 and 23, that the notches 15 are coated with a notch insulation 37.
    [0018] In FIGS. 1 to 4 and 6A, it can be seen that each winding 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 comprises a phase input conductive segment 40 which comprises an input branch 41 extended upwards by a connection branch 42, the input branch 41 and the connecting branch are interconnected by a connecting portion 43. The phase input conductive segment 40 is coated with an insulator except that the input branch 41 comprises a surface exposed end 44 and that the end 42a of the connecting branch 42 is adapted, for example stripped, to be connected to a bridge rectifying diodes current (not shown). Of course, the shape of the connection branch 42 and the connection means of this connection branch 42 will be adapted according to the configuration of the diode bridge (not shown).
    [0019] The stripped entrance surface 44 is of identical design to the first stripped surfaces 23, 24 on the first branches 20, 21 of the first conductive segments 19. This stripped inlet surface 44 comes into contact with the second stripped surface 29 facing with respect to a second conductive segment 25, 32 disposed at the beginning of the phase, as illustrated in particular in FIGS. 3 and 4.
    [0020] It can be seen in FIGS. 1 to 4 and 6A that the connecting portion 43 is of identical shape to that of the first part of the first connecting heads 22 on the first conducting segments 19, so as to fit perfectly into the first bun 34, in a manner identical to said first connecting heads 22. The pressure shims 38a, 38b illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 19, or any other suitable holding means, make it possible to keep the stripped entrance surface 44 of the branch of FIG. input 41 in contact with the second input surface 29 of the second phase conductor segment 25, 32. It may be possible to provide a pin 39 as illustrated in Figure 19. As shown in Figures 1, 2 and 10, the stator 1 comprises a connecting conductor segment 45. This connecting conductor segment 45 comprises connecting branches 46 , five in the case in which said connecting conductor segment 45 allows a star connection between the five phases 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the winding 3, as shown schematically in FIG. connection 45 is covered with an insulator except for the connecting branches 46 which each comprise a stripped connection surface 47. These stripped connection surfaces 47 come into contact with the second stripped surfaces 30 of five second conductive segments 25 arranged at the end of the phases. . The pressure shims 38a, 38b illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 19, or even any other holding means, also make it possible to keep the stripped connection surfaces 47 and the second stripped surfaces 30 in contact with one another, their shapes being complementary. It may be possible to provide a pin 39 as illustrated in FIG. 19. Different configurations of the conductive connection segment 45 can be envisaged depending on the number of phases present on the winding 3. When the winding 3 is three-phase, each phase 48, 49, 50 being constituted by a single winding, the connecting conductor segment will be of similar design to that of the connecting segment 45 of FIG. 10, with however only three connection branches 46, which will make it possible to design a three-phase star connection, such as This is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 12. As schematized in FIGS. 13 and 14, it would also be possible to provide variants of connecting conductive segments 51 between phases 52 of a winding 3. This connecting conductor segment 51 would for example be configured for connecting the phases 52 forming a pentagon when said winding 3 has five phases 52, as schematized FIG. 13. As a triangle when this winding 3 has three phases 52, as shown schematically in FIG. 14. FIGS. 13, 20 and 21 correspond to a variant of stator 1 comprising five phases 52 each composed of a single winding the five phases 52 being connected together to form a pentagon by means of five connecting segments 51. Each connecting segment 51 comprises a first connection branch 53a provided with a stripped connection surface 54 which comes into contact with the second exposed surface 29 of a second branch 26 of the second conductive segment 25 disposed at the end of a first phase 52a. Similarly, this connecting segment 51 comprises a second connection branch 53b provided with a stripped connection surface 55 which comes into contact with the second stripped surface 30 of a second branch 27 of the second conductive segment 25 arranged at the beginning of a second phase 52b to be connected to the previous phase. As illustrated in FIG. 20, this variant of connecting conductor segment 51 also comprises a connecting branch 56 which extends outside the first bun 34, the end 56a of this connection branch 56 being adapted, by bare example, to allow its connection to a diode bridge recovery. Of course the remainder of the connecting conductor segment 51 is coated with an insulator, as for the other conductive segments described above.
    [0021] The pressure shims 38a, 38b illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 19, or even other holding means, also make it possible to hold the connecting branches 54, 55 with the second branches 26, 27 of the second conductive segments 25 arranged at the end of the first phase and at the beginning of the second phase. It will also be possible to provide a barb 39 as illustrated in FIG. 19.
    [0022] As can be seen in FIG. 4, for example, the first conductive segments 19 and the second conductive segments 25 have a comparable design. Their implementation principle therefore remains identical. We will therefore describe only one mode of implementation, the second being found by analogy or transposition. These first and second conductive segments 19, 25 are derived from a sheet or plate 57 of conductive material, preferably copper, which is stamped in the form of pins 58 which resemble a baffle, as illustrated in FIG. Figures 15A to 15C. These FIGS. 15A to 15C illustrate various methods of stamping the pins, which make it possible to play on the sections of the pin 58 in its end portions 59, 60 and in its central portion 63, in particular to modify the section of the winding 3 in the first and second bunches 34, 35. The stamping operation advantageously makes it possible to use pins 58 of very thin thickness without stretching the material. This also allows for a larger pin section 58 in the curvature areas of this pin 58 that will receive a searing, to maintain a constant section when the conductive segment 19, 25 is completed. Other methods of constitution of the pin are furthermore possible; for example, the stamping can be replaced by laser cutting. For an embodiment of the stator 1 according to FIG. 7, with bevelled stripped surfaces 23, 24, 29, 30, the pins 58 undergo a step of beveling their end portions 59, 60, for example by rolling. In some cases, these laminates can also be produced directly on the sheet or plate 57 before the stamping step. This is also valid for an embodiment of the stator 1 according to FIG. 8, with chamfered stripped surfaces 23, 24, 29, 30. These pins 58 are then coated with an insulator, preferably with enamel, and then the two portions ends 59, 60 are stripped, preferably by grinding or grinding, so that they each have a stripped surface 61, 62, as illustrated in FIG. 16. These pins 58 are then folded in their central portion 63, which allows the formation of a U having two branches 64, 65 interconnected by a connecting member 66, as shown in Figure 17, which constitutes a first connecting head 22 in the case of a first conductive segment 19 and a second connecting head 28 in the case of a second conductive segment 25. This connecting element 66 has a V shape with its truncated apex. The enamel coating and the grinding of the end portions 59, 60 are preferably made before the folding of said pins 57; however, it could be done after this folding, which would however complicate the rectification step. The pin 57 then undergoes a step of shredding the branches 64, 65 as illustrated in FIG. 18. Such a shredding makes it possible to imbricate in each other, by overlapping, the first conductive segments 19, or the second conductive segments. 25, without modifying the thickness of the turns, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B. It is the same for the second conductive segments 25. Other features are conceivable without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, variant shapes can be provided for the first and second conductive segments. It is also possible to provide variant shapes for the stripped surfaces on the first branches 20, 21, the second branches 26, 27, the input branches 42 and the connecting branches 46, 53a, 53b. It is also possible to provide means for keeping the first branches 20, 21 in contact with the second branches 26, 27; likewise between the input branches 42 and the second branches 26 and between the connecting branches 46, 53a, 53b and said second branches 26, 27. For example, it is possible to provide a finishing varnish or a finishing glue for coating the 2 and the winding 3, so as to consolidate the maintenance in contact between the first and second conductive segments 19, 25. It is also possible to implement various types of polyphase winding by means of the invention. Each phase may also consist of several windings, each winding being performed as previously described. For example each phase may comprise two windings arranged by turns in several layers, one next to the other in the notches 15. It is also possible to provide variant shapes for the notches 15, other than those illustrated in FIGS. 23.
    [0023] The first and second buns 34, 35 of the winding 3 may be coated with an insulation varnish so as to overcome possible overtopping of the first and second stripped surfaces 23, 24, 29, 30 in said first and second buns 34, 35, which will prevent any malfunction and meet the manufacturing standards. The design of the stator 1 according to the invention makes it possible to design all the components upstream, to pre-position all the first conductive segments 19 and all the second conductive segments 25 on each side of the body 2. This allows a time saving of assembly This stator design 1 also facilitates the recycling of the product since the winding 3 can easily be dismantled once the means for keeping in contact the first and second conductive segments 19, 25 are neutralized. The stator 1 according to the invention will be implemented on rotating electrical machines such as motors or generators. One particular application relates to the manufacture of alternator and alternator-starters for the automobile. This stator design can also be exploited for wind turbine generators.
    权利要求:
    Claims (3)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Stator (1) of rotating electrical machine comprising a body (2) provided with notches (15) which extend radially and circumferentially and, a polyphase winding (3) consisting of several windings (4, 5, 6, 7 8) of turns arranged in layers (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14) in the notches, characterized in that each winding comprises, on the one hand, first conductive segments (19, 31) each provided with a first connecting head (22) extended by two first limbs (20, 21), each first conductive segment being coated with an insulator except for the presence of a first stripped surface (23, 24) on each of the first limbs and on the other hand, second conductive segments (25, 32, 33) each provided with a second connecting head (28) extended by two second legs (26, 27), each second conductive segment being coated with an insulator except for the presence of a second stripped surface (29, 30) on each of the second branches , the shape of the first stripped surface and the shape of the second stripped surface being complementary, the first conductive segments and the second conductive segments being arranged in staggered rows and in opposite directions successively one after the other, each notch receiving first branches and second branches disposed vis-a-vis with their first stripped surfaces and their second stripped surfaces respectively in contact with each other so as to constitute a continuous conductive wire, said stator comprising holding means (37, 38 ) configured to maintain the first and second stripped surfaces in contact with one another in the notches.
    [0002]
    2. Stator (1) according to claim 1, wherein the first legs (20, 21) and the second legs (26, 27) each comprise a cross section in rectangular shape.
    [0003]
    The stator (1) according to claim 2, wherein the first (23, 24) and second (29, 30) stripped surfaces are disposed facing each other and in radial contact with each other relative to one another. the other, said stripped surfaces extending over a length corresponding at least to the length of the notch (15) .Stator (1) according to claim 3, wherein the first (20, 21) and second (26, 27) branches have a parallelepipedal shape, the first (23, 24) and second (29, 30) stripped surfaces being disposed on the longitudinal faces vis-à-vis said branches. Stator (1) according to claim 3, wherein the first (20, 21) and second (26, 27) branches have a parallelepipedal shape provided with a chamfer having an angle of inclination (a2), the first (23, 24) and second (29, 30) stripped surfaces being disposed on the chamfered faces vis-à-vis. Stator (1) according to claim 3, wherein the first (20, 21) and second (26, 27) branches have a parallelepipedal shape provided with a bevel having an angle of inclination (an, the first (23, 24) ) and second (29, 30) stripped surfaces being disposed on the bevelled faces facing each other Stator (1) according to one of claims 5 or 6, wherein the angle of inclination (a1, a2) has a maximum value equal to 5 degrees Stator (1) according to one of claims 4 to 7, wherein anchoring means (39) are arranged between the first (23, 24) and second (29, 30). exposed surfaces for maintaining said surfaces in contact with each other Stator (1) according to one of claims 4 to 8, wherein the holding means comprise pressure wedges (37, 38) respectively arranged in each 20 notch (15) and configured to exert a force in the radial direction, against the first (20, 21) and second (26, 27) branches arranged in each of said notches. 10. Stator (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first (19, 31) and second (25, 32, 33) conductive segments each have a commuting between their first 25 branches (20, 21) , respectively their second branches (26, 27). The stator (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein each winding of the winding comprises a phase input conductive segment (40) which comprises an input branch (41) coated with an insulator except the presence of a stripped inlet surface (44), the inlet branch being engaged in a notch (15), the stripped inlet surface contacting the stripped second surface (29); -vis of a second phase conductor segment (32), means de4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.maintening (37, 38) being configured to maintain the stripped entrance surface and the second stripped surface in contact with each other. 12. Stator (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, which comprises at least one connecting conductor segment (45, 51) which comprises connecting legs (46, 53a, 53b), said connecting conductive segment being covered with an insulator except for the connecting legs which each comprise a stripped connection surface (47, 54, 55)), the stripped connection surfaces coming into contact with the second stripped surfaces (29, 30) of second conductor segments ( 25, 33), the holding means (37, 38) being configured to keep the stripped connection surfaces and the second stripped surfaces in contact with each other. 13. A method of manufacturing a stator (1) rotating electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 12, which comprises at least: to insert the first branches (20, 21) of the first conductive segments (19) in a first longitudinal direction of the body (2), within the notches (15); inserting the second legs (26, 27) of the second conductive segments (25) in a second longitudinal direction of the body, within the slots; positioning the first stripped surfaces (23, 24) in contact with the respective second stripped surfaces (29, 30) disposed opposite each other within the notches; putting in place the holding means (37, 38) for keeping said first and second stripped surfaces in contact with each other. A method of manufacturing a stator (1) according to claim 13, wherein the first (19) and second (25) conductive segments are each pre-formed by: providing a pin (58) in a sheet of conductive material; donning the pin of an insulator; stripping the branches (59, 60) of the pin in the areas corresponding to the stripped surfaces (61, 62) so as to remove the insulator on said surfaces; folding the pin to give it a U-shape with its two branches. 15. Rotary electric machine of the motor or generator type, comprising a stator (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN106537732A|2017-03-22|
    US20170040859A1|2017-02-09|
    EP3138184A2|2017-03-08|
    WO2015166188A2|2015-11-05|
    FR3020521B1|2016-06-03|
    WO2015166188A3|2016-07-14|
    US10389199B2|2019-08-20|
    EP3138184B1|2021-04-21|
    CN106537732B|2019-03-08|
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    法律状态:
    2015-04-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2015-10-30| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20151030 |
    2016-04-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2017-01-13| TP| Transmission of property|Owner name: SKYAZUR, FR Effective date: 20161212 |
    2017-04-24| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2018-04-17| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2019-04-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2020-04-17| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    2021-04-06| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 8 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1453874A|FR3020521B1|2014-04-29|2014-04-29|ROTATING ELECTRIC MACHINE STATOR WITH OPTIMIZED WINDING|FR1453874A| FR3020521B1|2014-04-29|2014-04-29|ROTATING ELECTRIC MACHINE STATOR WITH OPTIMIZED WINDING|
    CN201580021629.7A| CN106537732B|2014-04-29|2015-04-28|The stator of rotating electric machine equipped with optimization coil|
    PCT/FR2015/051159| WO2015166188A2|2014-04-29|2015-04-28|Rotary electric machine stator fitted with optimized coil|
    EP15723274.5A| EP3138184B1|2014-04-29|2015-04-28|Rotary electric machine stator fitted with optimized coil|
    US15/305,218| US10389199B2|2014-04-29|2015-04-28|Rotary electric machine stator fitted with optimized coil|
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